What are the two houses of the U.S. Congress called?

The correct answer identifies the two houses of the U.S. Congress as the House of Representatives and the Senate. This structure is established in the United States Constitution and reflects the framers' intent to create a bicameral legislature, which allows for a system of checks and balances within the legislative process.

The House of Representatives is designed to represent the population directly, with membership based on the states' population sizes, while the Senate provides equal representation, with each state having two senators regardless of population. This dual structure plays a crucial role in the governance of the United States, balancing the interests of populous states with those of less populous ones.

Understanding this framework is essential for comprehending how laws are made and how different interests are represented in the federal legislative process.