What body must approve all treaties made by the president?

The approval of treaties made by the president is specifically assigned to the Senate by the United States Constitution. Article II, Section 2 states that the president shall have the power to make treaties, but these treaties must receive the advice and consent of the Senate. This means that for a treaty to be finalized and take effect, it requires a two-thirds majority vote from the senators present. This requirement ensures a system of checks and balances, preventing any single branch of government from wielding excessive power in foreign affairs.

The other entities mentioned do not have a role in the treaty-making process as defined by the Constitution. The House of Representatives does not participate in treaty approval; its role is more focused on legislation and budgetary matters. The Supreme Court is responsible for interpreting laws and ensuring they align with the Constitution, not for the approval of international agreements. The electoral college is involved in the process of electing the president and vice president, having no relevance to treaty approval. Thus, the Senate's responsibility to review and approve treaties underscores its pivotal role in shaping U.S. foreign policy.