What document lays the foundation for the U.S. government?

The Constitution serves as the foundational document for the U.S. government, establishing the framework for the nation's system of governance. Adopted in 1787 and ratified in 1788, it outlines the structure of the federal government, delineates the powers of the various branches, and provides the processes for enacting laws and amendments. The Constitution also embodies the principles of democracy, rule of law, and separation of powers, which are essential to American governance.

While the Bill of Rights is crucial as it ensures individual liberties and limits government power, it is an integral part of the Constitution rather than a standalone foundational document. The Magna Carta, while historically significant in the development of legal principles, particularly regarding individual rights and limiting the power of the monarchy, is not a direct basis for U.S. government structure. The Articles of Confederation, which preceded the Constitution, established a loose confederation of states but ultimately proved ineffective, leading to the drafting of the Constitution to create a stronger federal government.