What does the term 'checks and balances' refer to?

The term 'checks and balances' refers to the system established by the Constitution that separates government powers among different branches, ensuring that no single branch becomes too powerful. This framework divides authority among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with each having specific roles and responsibilities.

Additionally, each branch has the ability to check the powers of the others, which helps maintain a balance and prevent any one branch from overriding the others or acting beyond its scope. For instance, the legislative branch can pass laws, but the executive can veto them; likewise, the judiciary can review laws to ensure they comply with the Constitution. This interplay is crucial in safeguarding democratic principles and protecting citizens' rights from potential government overreach.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe checks and balances. Limitations on the judiciary pertain to different aspects of judicial power and do not encompass the broader concept of systemic balance. A system of taxation is related to governmental revenue but not to the distribution of power among branches. Lastly, a method of electing representatives is part of the electoral process and does not address the distribution and oversight of governmental authority.