What is the significance of the Marbury v. Madison case?

The significance of the Marbury v. Madison case lies in its establishment of judicial review, which is the power of the courts to examine the actions of the legislative and executive branches of government and determine whether those actions are consistent with the Constitution. This landmark decision, rendered in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall, affirmed that it is the role of the judiciary to ensure that no law or action contradicts the Constitution, thereby enhancing the system of checks and balances fundamental to the U.S. governmental structure.

Judicial review allows the Supreme Court and other courts to invalidate laws and executive actions deemed unconstitutional. This principle remains a cornerstone of American law, reinforcing the judiciary's role as a protector of individual rights and a check against governmental power. The case set a precedent that continues to influence the interpretation and application of constitutional law in the United States.