Which principle refers to the division of power between the national and state governments?

The principle that refers to the division of power between the national and state governments is federalism. Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided between a central authority and smaller political units, such as states. In the context of the United States, the Constitution establishes this division of responsibilities and powers, allowing both the federal government and state governments to operate within their respective spheres of influence.

This structure enables a balance of power, where states can enact laws and policies that are suited to their local needs and circumstances, while the federal government handles issues that require a unified approach, such as national defense and interstate commerce. The concept of federalism is fundamental to understanding how governance functions in the U.S., and it highlights the importance of both levels of government in serving the people.